A Publicity Primer


Four keys to Success

3 Ways to Generate Publicity Coverage

Variations on the Theme

Write/Provide Materials

Interviews

Stage Events

Mainstream Notions of What's Newsworthy


MAINSTREAM NOTIONS OF WHAT'S NEWSWORTHY

From Charlotte Ryan, Prime Time Activism (1991), p. 35.  Boston:
South End Press.  With permission. 


Public Recognition

.  Issue Recognition: Is the problem already recognized as an issue 
   or is it relatively unknown?

.  Famous Faces:  Are faces known to the public involved?  How many 
   people?  What institutions?

.  Trendiness: Is the issue currently fashionable or has it peaked? 
   Is it timely?

.  Proximity:  How directly will the impact be felt?  On          
   individuals?  On groups?


Importance

.  Power:  Does the event/campaign signal a significant power     
   struggle?  Does it represent a move by a powerful institution?

.  Impact:  What impact will the event/campaign (or the issue     
   raised) have?  On whom?

.  Currency:  Is the problem happening now?


Interest

.  Good Story:  Is the event/campaign packaged with a story line  
   that offers conflict and resolution?

.  Human Interest:  Are there any appealing characters with whom  
   the audience can identify?

.  Memorable Emotions:  Does the story transmit feelings, not just 
   ideas?

.  Visuals:  Are there interesting visuals (dramatic action, good 
   photo opportunities, not just talking heads)?

.  Cultural Resonance:  Does the event/campaign incorporate broad 
   cultural themes (corruption exposed, little guy beats odds,    
   small town pulls together after tragedy, etc.)

.  Fresh Twist:  Is the event/campaign different, unusual or funny- 
   -something that hasn't been done before?

  [Self-Help: Does story value pointers on coping with life?]Ideas to Generate News About Your Organization


Ideas to Generate News for Your Organization

THIRTY-TWO WAYS TO CREATE NEWS FOR YOUR ORGANIZATION

1.  Tie in with news events of the day.
2.  Work with another publicity person.
3.  Tie in with a newspaper or other medium on a mutual project.
4.  Conduct a poll or survey.
5.  Issue a report.

6.  Arrange an interview with a celebrity.
7.  Take part in a controversy.
8.  Arrange for a testimonial.
9.  Arrange a speech.
10. Make an analysis or prediction.

11. Form and announce names for committees.
12. Hold an election.
13. Announce an appointment.
14. Celebrate an anniversary.
15. Issue a summary of facts.

16. Tie in with a holiday.
17. Make a trip.
18. Present an award.
19. Hold a contest.
20. Pass a resolution.

21. Appear before public bodies.
22. Stage a special event.
23. Write a letter.
24. Release a letter you received.
25. Adapt national reports and surveys for local use.

26. Stage a debate.
27. Tie into a well-known week or day.
28. Honor an institution.
29. Organize a tour.
30. Inspect a project.

31. Issue a commendation.
32. Issue a protest.

From Wilcox, Ault and Agee, Public Relations: Strategies & Tactics, 3rd ed. (1992), p. 274. 
With permission. 


A Publicity Materials Checklist


A PUBLICITY MATERIALS CHECKLIST

News Releases (General distribution)
      New product, services
      Events sponsored (e.g. fundraisers, tours, open houses,                     
         seminars, rallies, awards programs, meal events) 
      Observances (anniversaries, etc.)
      Facility openings, relocations, closings
      Personnel changes
      Distributor appointments, changes
      Contracts, grants received, given  
      Awards, honors or designations received, given
      Reports issued, research findings
      Position statements
      Gifts, contributions received (not-for-profits)
   
Feature Stories (Exclusive, special or general distribution)
      Profiles (people, products, companies or causes)
      Round-up, trend stories
      Service features ("how to")
      Case studies 
      Signed, first-person experiences, reminiscences
      Op-Ed pieces (signed articles)
      Letters to the editor

Fact Sheets/Background materials
      Key data at-a-glance
      Glossaries
      Directories (key contacts, office list locations, etc.)
      Questions and answers
      Suggested interview questions 
      Texts/excerpts of speeches, reports, books, articles

Photos and Captions (Black and white prints, color transparencies, color prints)  
      Action photos
      Portraiture (mug/head and shoulder shots, candids)
      Product portraiture, products in use 
      Architectural

Graphics
      Logos
      Graphs, charts
      Illustrations

Audio-Visuals
      Video news material (Video news story, b-roll video                footage or still  
      slides--accompanied by script, background)        Audio news material (Script,       
      actualities, recorded story, or
      background sound--accompanied by script, background)
      Public service announcements (script for announcer, slide to
      accompany a voice over, recorded audio, or video tape) 

News Advisories


Writing a News Release: A Checklist

A NEWS RELEASE CHECKLIST

Challenges of writing publicity material
   Limited news hole
   Alternative viewpoints possible
   Write for many media; editors have different interests, quirks
   Varying news value of items
   Editors' skepticism
   Publicists are responsible for errors, have no editors.  

How releases can be used 
   As-is  (generally limited to routine, noncontroversial news)
   As source of information for a story written by a reporter (can use
    facts, quotes, background information)
   As the basis for an interview 

Format
   1-2 pages maximum (400-500 words)
   Inverted pyramid format
   Strong lede (5Ws&H: Who, what, when, where, why, how)
   Typewritten, double spaced, one side of sheet
   -more- at bottom of pages; identifier (slug) on subsequent pages
   -30- or ### at end. 

Important items to include: 
   Contact Name and Phone (Be available for follow-up inquiries)
   Release time (Immediate release or embargo with specified time)
   Headline (identifier)
   Dateline (optional; include if location is important)
   Date (possibly serial number, too)

Common Problems:
   No news of interest to editor (usually a misdirected release)
   News is buried (often a ploy when news is bad)
   Ledes with wrong focus, wordy
   Missing information; fail to anticipate basic questions
   Excessive commercialism (self-laudatory, excessive adjectives)
   Lacks strong angle (Remember key elements of news:  Prominence,
   Drama, Human Interest, Localness, Consequence, Oddity, Topical)

Make your key points
   Near top (first or second paragraph)
   Be sure to include standard (ideal) description of organization
   Work other (positive) points into text
   Avoid overstatement; beware of claims as first, only, unique
   Use quotes to incorporate opinion, subjective ideas, explain
   rationale for actions.  Avoid trite quotes, purge cliches.  
   Cite the most appropriate spokesperson for organization
   In case of bad news, stress actions being taken to rectify.

Write like a pro!
   Use clear, concise, vivid language
   Sentences should not exceed 15 words; paragraphs should not exceed 30 words or
      four typewritten lines
   Follow news style (not advertising style)
   Check for proper grammar, spelling, punctuation 
   Provide neat, clean copy
   Distribute on a timely basis, meet deadlines
   Write for the audience, not the client
   Proof, proof, poof!

Return to Publicity Primer Index

Copyright 1996. Kirk Hallahan. All rights reserved, except for cited, copyrighted materialls indicated above.